Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Central expression of synaptophysin and synaptoporin in nociceptive afferent subtypes in the dorsal horn

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40967-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-localization of synaptophysin and synaptoporin with IB4-binding C fibers in the thoracic dorsal horn. IB4 binding C fibers distributed in lamina II of T7 and T13 dorsal horns and expressed synaptophysin and/or synaptoporin as shown in a representative montage of confocal images from T7. ( A ) Areas of IB4 binding projections within the investigated region of interest were analyzed at both thoracic levels.( B ) Colocalization of IB4 binding axon terminals with synaptophysin or with synaptoporin was assessed by double labeling quantification ( C ) to find significantly different expression levels of synaptoporin and synaptophysin in this C fiber subpopulation (n = 4, p < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparison test, Cohen’s d > 1.3).

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies included goat anti-IB4 (1:400, Vector, Burlingame, CA), goat anti-CTB (1:2000, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), mouse anti-synaptophysin (1:1000, Synaptic Systems), rabbit anti-synaptoporin (1:300, Synaptic Systems), and Guinea pig anti-CGRP (1:2000, Peninsula Laboratories International, San Carlos, CA).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Labeling, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Central expression of synaptophysin and synaptoporin in nociceptive afferent subtypes in the dorsal horn

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40967-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of synaptophysin and synaptoporin in dorsal cutaneous C fibers in the T7 and T13 spinal cord. Cutaneous C fibers were labeled with IB4 injections into DCNs. ( A ) DCN-specific C fibers projected laterally at the inner layer of laminae II overlaid by the synaptoporin distribution area as shown in representative montages of confocal images at T7. ( B ) Overlapping areas of DCN-specific IB4+ C fibers with synaptoporin and synaptophysin were quantified at every 200 μm across the sections centered at the dorsal horn entry zone (DREZ) at T7 and T13. ( C ) Bar graphs show averaged percent overlapping areas across those serial sections from 3 rats ( D ).

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies included goat anti-IB4 (1:400, Vector, Burlingame, CA), goat anti-CTB (1:2000, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), mouse anti-synaptophysin (1:1000, Synaptic Systems), rabbit anti-synaptoporin (1:300, Synaptic Systems), and Guinea pig anti-CGRP (1:2000, Peninsula Laboratories International, San Carlos, CA).

Techniques: Expressing, Labeling

Journal: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Article Title: Lithium-induced neuroprotection in stroke involves increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance and decreased protein deubiquitination by GSK3β inhibition-independent pathways

doi: 10.1177/0271678X16647738

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lithium stimulates peri-infarct cell proliferation, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and axonal plasticity. Mice were exposed to 45 min of intraluminal MCA occlusion, intraperitoneally treated with normal saline (control) or lithium (1 mg/kg bolus, followed by 2 mg/kg/day) starting at 6 h after reperfusion over up to 7 days and sacrificed after 56 days. (a) Assessment of postischemic cell proliferation by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in the ischemic striatum, (b–d) differentiation analysis of BrdU+ cells in the ischemic striatum based on co-expression of neuronal markers Dcx (in b) and NeuN (in c) (indicative of new-born neurons, i.e. neurogenesis) or endothelial marker CD31 (in d) (indicative of new-born endothelium, i.e. angiogenesis), as well as (e) determination of axonal density in the peri-infarct cortex after contralesional injection of the anterograde tract tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) (n = 12–13 per group). Data for axonal densities are given as percentage of proportional areas as indicated in the materials and methods section. *Significantly different from controls with p:0.029 (a), p:0.005 (b), p:0.013 (c), p:0.045 (d), and p:0.008 (e). Scale bars: 50 µm.

Article Snippet: For analysis of activated microglia, sections were labeled with biotinylated anti-Ib4 antibody (1:25, Vector, USA) that was detected by Alexa488-conjugated streptavidine (1:50, Invitrogen).

Techniques: BrdU Incorporation Assay, Expressing, Marker, Injection